1.1 has unique inclusion properties, and can be formed with hydrophobic pharmaceutical small molecules of inclusion complex soluble in water
Cyclodextrin has a hydrophobic internal cavity and a hydrophilic surface due to its structural characteristics.Therefore, it has unique inclusion properties and can form inclusion complexes with a variety of objects through weak interaction so as to change the physical and chemical properties of the object molecules.At the same time, because of the low toxicity and water solubility of cyclodextrin, the inclusion complex formed by cyclodextrin and hydrophobic small pharmaceutical molecules can be dissolved in water, thus improving the solubility of drugs, increasing the stability of drugs and improving the bioavailability and efficacy of drugs.And it allows a lot of chemical reactions to take place in water making the whole thing environmentally friendly.
1.2 Poor stability to heat, alkali and acid
Cyclodextrin is heat stable and has no fixed melting point. It begins to decompose when heated to about 200℃ and can be stored for a long time at room temperature.Stable to alkali, can form salt at high pH;It is less stable to acid, hydrolysis can occur in strong acid, and the rate of hydrolysis is obviously slower than that of starch.However, Cd is stable in dilute acid at room temperature. Cd is not hydrolyzed by β-amylase, but can be slowly hydrolyzed by β-amylase.In general, the larger the ring of Cd, the faster the hydrolysis rate.
1.3 It is difficult to be absorbed in human body and has little toxicity
Cyclodextrin due to the larger molecules, in the human body is more difficult to absorb, most of the original form of excretion;The main site of absorption is the small intestine.The metabolism of cyclodextrin is mainly completed by the colonic flora, and the end products are CO2 and H 2O.α-CD is the slowest and γ-CD is the fastest.Cyclodextrin has slight toxicity to biology and almost no toxicity after oral administration.In parenteral use, CD can interact with cell membrane components, resulting in cell damage. Long-term accumulation of cyclodextrin in human body will increase the burden of kidney.
1.4 Cheap and easy to get
The production process of cyclodextrin is simple, its physical and chemical properties are stable, and the production process is simple and easy to obtain.
